Stigma hinders an effective response to infectious disease, as it exacerbates negative consequences for those affected or at risk, while deterring effective treatment and healthy behaviours at a population level. This guideline by the WHO, IFRC and UNICEF outlines what stigma is, and how to tackle it.
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid19-stigma-guide.pdf?sfvrsn=226180f4_2
